llvm-tutorial/source/Parser.cpp

// Standard includes
#include <cassert>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdio>
#include <stdexcept>

//LLVM includes

// Local includes
#include "Parser.h"
#include "Lexer.h"
#include "JIT.h"

using namespace lexer;
using namespace jit;

namespace parser{

/// putchard - putchar that takes a double and returns 0.
extern "C" double putchard(double X) {
  fputc((char)X, stderr);
  return 0;
}

/// printd - printf that takes a double prints it as "%f\n", returning 0.
extern "C" double printd(double X) {
  fprintf(stderr, "%f\n", X);
  return 0;
}
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Parser
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

/// CurTok/getNextToken - Provide a simple token buffer.  CurTok is the current
/// token the parser is looking at.  getNextToken reads another token from the
/// lexer and updates CurTok with its results.
int getNextToken() { return CurTok = gettok(); }

/// BinopPrecedence - This holds the precedence for each binary operator that is
/// defined.

/// GetTokPrecedence - Get the precedence of the pending binary operator token.
static int GetTokPrecedence() {
  if (!isascii(CurTok))
    return -1;

  // Make sure it's a declared binop.
  int TokPrec = BinopPrecedence[CurTok];
  if (TokPrec <= 0)
    return -1;
  return TokPrec;
}

/// Error* - These are little helper functions for error handling.
std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Error(const char *Str) {
  fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", Str);
  return nullptr;
}

std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ErrorP(const char *Str) {
  Error(Str);
  return nullptr;
}

static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseExpression();

/// numberexpr ::= number
static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseNumberExpr() {
  auto Result = llvm::make_unique<NumberExprAST>(LexerObjects::NumVal);
  getNextToken(); // consume the number
  return std::move(Result);
}

/// parenexpr ::= '(' expression ')'
static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseParenExpr() {
  getNextToken(); // eat (.
  auto V = ParseExpression();
  if (!V)
    return nullptr;

  if (CurTok != ')')
    return Error("expected ')'");
  getNextToken(); // eat ).
  return V;
}

/// identifierexpr
///   ::= identifier
///   ::= identifier '(' expression* ')'
static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseIdentifierExpr() {
  std::string IdName = LexerObjects::IdentifierStr;

  getNextToken(); // eat identifier.

  if (CurTok != '(') // Simple variable ref.
    return llvm::make_unique<VariableExprAST>(IdName);

  // Call.
  getNextToken(); // eat (
  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>> Args;
  if (CurTok != ')') {
    while (1) {
      if (auto Arg = ParseExpression())
        Args.push_back(std::move(Arg));
      else
        return nullptr;

      if (CurTok == ')')
        break;

      if (CurTok != ',')
        return Error("Expected ')' or ',' in argument list");
      getNextToken();
    }
  }

  // Eat the ')'.
  getNextToken();

  return llvm::make_unique<CallExprAST>(IdName, std::move(Args));
}

/// ifexpr ::= 'if' expression 'then' expression 'else' expression
static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseIfExpr() {
  getNextToken();  // eat the if.

  // condition.
  auto Cond = ParseExpression();
  if (!Cond)
    return nullptr;

  if (CurTok != tok_then)
    return Error("expected then");
  getNextToken();  // eat the then

  auto Then = ParseExpression();
  if (!Then)
    return nullptr;

  if (CurTok != tok_else)
    return Error("expected else");

  getNextToken();

  auto Else = ParseExpression();
  if (!Else)
    return nullptr;

  return llvm::make_unique<IfExprAST>(std::move(Cond), std::move(Then),
                                      std::move(Else));
}

/// forexpr ::= 'for' identifier '=' expr ',' expr (',' expr)? 'in' expression
static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseForExpr() {
  getNextToken();  // eat the for.

  if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
    return Error("expected identifier after for");

  std::string IdName = LexerObjects::IdentifierStr;
  getNextToken();  // eat identifier.

  if (CurTok != '=')
    return Error("expected '=' after for");
  getNextToken();  // eat '='.


  auto Start = ParseExpression();
  if (!Start)
    return nullptr;
  if (CurTok != ',')
    return Error("expected ',' after for start value");
  getNextToken();

  auto End = ParseExpression();
  if (!End)
    return nullptr;

  // The step value is optional.
  std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Step;
  if (CurTok == ',') {
    getNextToken();
    Step = ParseExpression();
    if (!Step)
      return nullptr;
  }

  if (CurTok != tok_in)
    return Error("expected 'in' after for");
  getNextToken();  // eat 'in'.

  auto Body = ParseExpression();
  if (!Body)
    return nullptr;

  return llvm::make_unique<ForExprAST>(IdName, std::move(Start),
                                       std::move(End), std::move(Step),
                                       std::move(Body));
}

/// varexpr ::= 'var' identifier ('=' expression)?
//                    (',' identifier ('=' expression)?)* 'in' expression
static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseVarExpr() {
  getNextToken(); // eat the var.

  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::unique_ptr<ExprAST>>> VarNames;

  // At least one variable name is required.
  if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
    return Error("expected identifier after var");

  while (1) {
    std::string Name = LexerObjects::IdentifierStr;
    getNextToken(); // eat identifier.

    // Read the optional initializer.
    std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> Init = nullptr;
    if (CurTok == '=') {
      getNextToken(); // eat the '='.

      Init = ParseExpression();
      if (!Init)
        return nullptr;
    }

    VarNames.push_back(std::make_pair(Name, std::move(Init)));

    // End of var list, exit loop.
    if (CurTok != ',')
      break;
    getNextToken(); // eat the ','.

    if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
      return Error("expected identifier list after var");
  }

  // At this point, we have to have 'in'.
  if (CurTok != tok_in)
    return Error("expected 'in' keyword after 'var'");
  getNextToken(); // eat 'in'.

  auto Body = ParseExpression();
  if (!Body)
    return nullptr;

  return llvm::make_unique<VarExprAST>(std::move(VarNames), std::move(Body));
}

/// primary
///   ::= identifierexpr
///   ::= numberexpr
///   ::= parenexpr
static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParsePrimary() {
  switch (CurTok) {
  default:
    return Error("unknown token when expecting an expression");
  case tok_identifier:
    return ParseIdentifierExpr();
  case tok_number:
    return ParseNumberExpr();
  case '(':
    return ParseParenExpr();
  case tok_if:
    return ParseIfExpr();
  case tok_for:
    return ParseForExpr();
  case tok_var:
    return ParseVarExpr();
  }
}

/// unary
///   ::= primary
///   ::= '!' unary
static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseUnary() {
  // If the current token is not an operator, it must be a primary expr.
  if (!isascii(CurTok) || CurTok == '(' || CurTok == ',')
    return ParsePrimary();

  // If this is a unary operator, read it.
  int Opc = CurTok;
  getNextToken();
  if (auto Operand = ParseUnary())
    return llvm::make_unique<UnaryExprAST>(Opc, std::move(Operand));
  return nullptr;
}

/// binoprhs
///   ::= ('+' unary)*
static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec,
                                              std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> LHS) {
  // If this is a binop, find its precedence.
  while (1) {
    int TokPrec = GetTokPrecedence();

    // If this is a binop that binds at least as tightly as the current binop,
    // consume it, otherwise we are done.
    if (TokPrec < ExprPrec)
      return LHS;

    // Okay, we know this is a binop.
    int BinOp = CurTok;
    getNextToken(); // eat binop

    // Parse the unary expression after the binary operator.
    auto RHS = ParseUnary();
    if (!RHS)
      return nullptr;

    // If BinOp binds less tightly with RHS than the operator after RHS, let
    // the pending operator take RHS as its LHS.
    int NextPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
    if (TokPrec < NextPrec) {
      RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec + 1, std::move(RHS));
      if (!RHS)
        return nullptr;
    }

    // Merge LHS/RHS.
    LHS =
        llvm::make_unique<BinaryExprAST>(BinOp, std::move(LHS), std::move(RHS));
  }
}

/// expression
///   ::= unary binoprhs
///
static std::unique_ptr<ExprAST> ParseExpression() {
  auto LHS = ParseUnary();
  if (!LHS)
    return nullptr;

  return ParseBinOpRHS(0, std::move(LHS));
}

/// prototype
///   ::= id '(' id* ')'
///   ::= binary LETTER number? (id, id)
///   ::= unary LETTER (id)
static std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ParsePrototype() {
  std::string FnName;

  unsigned Kind = 0; // 0 = identifier, 1 = unary, 2 = binary.
  unsigned BinaryPrecedence = 30;

  switch (CurTok) {
  default:
    return ErrorP("Expected function name in prototype");
  case tok_identifier:
    FnName = LexerObjects::IdentifierStr;
    Kind = 0;
    getNextToken();
    break;
  case tok_unary:
    getNextToken();
    if (!isascii(CurTok))
      return ErrorP("Expected unary operator");
    FnName = "unary";
    FnName += (char)CurTok;
    Kind = 1;
    getNextToken();
    break;
  case tok_binary:
    getNextToken();
    if (!isascii(CurTok))
      return ErrorP("Expected binary operator");
    FnName = "binary";
    FnName += (char)CurTok;
    Kind = 2;
    getNextToken();

    // Read the precedence if present.
    if (CurTok == tok_number) {
      if (LexerObjects::NumVal < 1 || LexerObjects::NumVal > 100)
        return ErrorP("Invalid precedecnce: must be 1..100");
      BinaryPrecedence = (unsigned)LexerObjects::NumVal;
      getNextToken();
    }
    break;
  }

  if (CurTok != '(')
    return ErrorP("Expected '(' in prototype");

  std::vector<std::string> ArgNames;
  while (getNextToken() == tok_identifier)
    ArgNames.push_back(LexerObjects::IdentifierStr);
  if (CurTok != ')')
    return ErrorP("Expected ')' in prototype");

  // success.
  getNextToken(); // eat ')'.

  // Verify right number of names for operator.
  if (Kind && ArgNames.size() != Kind)
    return ErrorP("Invalid number of operands for operator");

  return llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>(FnName, ArgNames, Kind != 0,
                                         BinaryPrecedence);
                                         
}
/// definition ::= 'def' prototype expression
static std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ParseDefinition() {
  getNextToken(); // eat def.
  auto Proto = ParsePrototype();
  if (!Proto)
    return nullptr;

  if (auto E = ParseExpression())
    return llvm::make_unique<FunctionAST>(std::move(Proto), std::move(E));
  return nullptr;
}

/// toplevelexpr ::= expression
static std::unique_ptr<FunctionAST> ParseTopLevelExpr() {
  if (auto E = ParseExpression()) {
    // Make an anonymous proto.
    auto Proto = llvm::make_unique<PrototypeAST>("__anon_expr",
        std::vector<std::string>());
    return llvm::make_unique<FunctionAST>(std::move(Proto), std::move(E));
  }
  return nullptr;
}

/// external ::= 'extern' prototype
static std::unique_ptr<PrototypeAST> ParseExtern() {
  getNextToken(); // eat extern.
  return ParsePrototype();
}
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Top-Level parsing and JIT Driver
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

static void HandleDefinition() {
  if (auto FnAST = ParseDefinition()) {
    if (auto *FnIR = FnAST->codegen()) {
      fprintf(stderr, "Read function definition:");
      FnIR->dump();
      JITObjects::TheJIT->addModule(std::move(AstObjects::TheModule));
      InitializeModuleAndPassManager();
    }
  } else {
    // Skip token for error recovery.
     getNextToken();
  }
}

static void HandleExtern() {
  if (auto ProtoAST = ParseExtern()) {
    if (auto *FnIR = ProtoAST->codegen()) {
      fprintf(stderr, "Read extern: ");
      FnIR->dump();
      JITObjects::FunctionProtos[ProtoAST->getName()] = std::move(ProtoAST);
    }
  } else {
    // Skip token for error recovery.
    getNextToken();
  }
}

static void HandleTopLevelExpression() {
  // Evaluate a top-level expression into an anonymous function.
  if (auto FnAST = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
    if (FnAST->codegen()) {

      // JIT the module containing the anonymous expression, keeping a handle so
      // we can free it later.
      auto H = JITObjects::TheJIT->addModule(std::move(AstObjects::TheModule));
      InitializeModuleAndPassManager();

      // Search the JIT for the __anon_expr symbol.
      auto ExprSymbol = JITObjects::TheJIT->findSymbol("__anon_expr");
      assert(ExprSymbol && "Function not found");

      // Get the symbol's address and cast it to the right type (takes no
      // arguments, returns a double) so we can call it as a native function.
      double (*FP)() = (double (*)())(intptr_t)ExprSymbol.getAddress();
      fprintf(stderr, "Evaluated to %f\n", FP());

      // Delete the anonymous expression module from the JIT.
      JITObjects::TheJIT->removeModule(H);
    }
  } else {
    // Skip token for error recovery.
    getNextToken();
  }
}

/// top ::= definition | external | expression | ';'
void MainLoop() {
  // Install standard binary operators.
  // 1 is lowest precedence.
  BinopPrecedence['='] = 2;
  BinopPrecedence['<'] = 10;
  BinopPrecedence['+'] = 20;
  BinopPrecedence['-'] = 20;
  BinopPrecedence['*'] = 40; // highest.

  while (1) {
    fprintf(stderr, "ready> ");
    switch (CurTok) {
    case tok_eof:
      return;
    case ';': // ignore top-level semicolons.
      getNextToken();
      break;
    case tok_def:
      HandleDefinition();
      break;
    case tok_extern:
      HandleExtern();
      break;
    default:
      HandleTopLevelExpression();
      break;
    }
  }
}


}